A STUDY ON SOUND-ABSORPTION ABILITY OF CLOSED-CELL ALUMINIUM FOAMS
Keywords:
aluminium foams, stir casting, sound absorption, CaCO3
Abstract
Metallic foams have gained popularity in industrial applications and research due to their unique mechanical properties combined with light weight, vibroacoustic damping and high-temperature resistance. Generally, closed-cell foams have poor sound absorption properties due to their closed cellular structure when compared to open-cell foams. This paper investigates a new composite closed-cell foam for its acoustic properties. The new closed-cell aluminium fly-ash foam was made with liquid processing, using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as the blowing agent. The effects of the fly-ash content on the cell morphology and mechanical properties were analyzed. Acoustic studies were conducted on the prepared closed-cell foam using the impedance tube method. Samples were prepared in different ways to determine the effects of the changing parameters. The results of quasi-static compression and microstructural analyses of two different combinations of the foam revealed small pore sizes with varying relative densities and compressive strengths. It is evident from the acoustic studies that the foams are capable of improved sound absorption of medium and high frequencies.
References
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22. Alexandra Byakova, Yuri Bezim’yanny, Svyatoslav Gnyloskurenko and Takashi Nakamurac, Fabrication method for closed-cell aluminium foam with improved sound absorption ability, Procedia Materials Science 4 (2014) 9 – 14, doi: 10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.573
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25. D. Bhosale, A. Devikar, S. Sasikumar, and G. S. Vinod Kumar, Foaming Mg Alloy and Composite Using MgCO3 Blowing Agent, Metall. Mater. Trans. B Process Metall. Mater. Process. Sci. 52, (2021) 931, doi: 10.1007/s11663-021-02066-0
26. Dipen Kumar Rajak, Nikhil N. Mahajan and S. Das Fabrication and investigation of influence of CaCO3 as foaming agent on Al-SiCp foam, Materials and Manufacturing Processes (2018), doi: 10.1080/10426914.2018.1532093
27. N. Mahmutyazicioglu, Onder Albayrak, Mehmet Ipekoglu and Sabri Altintas, Effects of alumina (Al2O3) addition on the cell structure and mechanical properties of 6061 foams, J. Mater. Res., (2013) doi: 10.1557/jmr.2013.187
28. Zohair Sarajan , Mehrdad Soltani & Jalal Kahani Khabushan Foaming of Al-Si by TiH2 , Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26:10, (2011) 1293-1298, doi: 10.1080/10426914.2011.551964
29. Yang Yu, Zhuokun Cao , Jiaqi Wang, Ganfeng Tu and Yongliang Mu, Compressive Behavior of Al-TiB2 Composite Foams Fabricated under Increased Pressure, Materials (2021) 14, 5112, doi.org/10.3390/ma14175112
30. S. Bhogi and M. Mukherjee, Foam stabilization by magnesium, Materials Letters 200 (2017) 118–120, doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2017.04.100
31. D.P. Mondal, M.D. Goel and S. Das, Compressive deformation and energy absorption characteristics of closed cell aluminum-fly ash particle composite foam, Materials Science and Engineering A 507 (2009) 102–109, doi:10.1016/j.msea.2009.01.019
32. D.P. Mondal , M.D. Goel and S. Das, Effect of strain rate and relative density on compressive deformation behavior of closed cell aluminum–fly ash composite foam, Materials and Design 30 (2009) 1268–1274, doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2008.06.059
33. Thulasikanth Vaddi, and R. Padmanabhan, Processing of aluminium/fly ash composite foams for sustainable green products, Journal of Porous Materials (2022): 1-11, doi: 10.1007/s10934-022-01360-9
34. V. Gergely, D.C. Curran and T.W. Clyne, The FOAMCARP process: foaming of aluminium MMCs by the chalk-aluminium reaction in precursors, Composites Science and Technology 63 (2003) 2301–2310, doi:10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00263-X
35. V. Thulasikanth and R. Padmanabhan, Processing and testing of closed cell aluminium hybrid composite foams, Materials Today: Proceedings. (2021) 46, 1437-1440, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.017
36. Sharaf U Nisa, Sunil Pandey and PM Pandey, A review of the compressive properties
of closed-cell aluminum metal foams, Proc IMechE Part E: J Process Mechanical Engineering, (2022) 1–15, doi: 10.1177/09544089221112291
37. Nallely Montserrat Trejo Rivera , Jesús Torres Torres and Alfredo Flores Valdés, A-242 Aluminium Alloy Foams Manufacture from the Recycling of Beverage Cans, Metals (2019) 9, 92, doi: 10.3390/met9010092
38. R.Q. Guo and P.K Rohatgi, Chemical Reactions between Aluminum and Fly Ash during Synthesis and Reheating of Al–Fly Ash Composite, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B Volume 29B, (1998) 519, doi: 10.1007/s11663-998-0086-y
39. E. Gikunoo, O. Omotoso and I.N.A. Oguocha, Effect of fly ash addition on the magnesium content of casting aluminum alloy A535, Journal Of Materials Science 40 (2005) 487– 490, doi: 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000044906.60260.19
40. Alice Elizabeth González, How Do Acoustic Materials Work? Book chapter, IntechOpen 1-17, (2019) doi: 10.5772/intechopen.82380
41. Fan Xueliu, A, Chen Xiang and B, Li Yanxiang, The structure and Acoustic Properties of Aluminum Foams by Gas Injection Method, Advanced Materials Research Vols 146-147 (2011) pp 1049-1055, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.146-147.1049
2. F. Asdrubali, S. Schiavoni1 and K. V. Horoshenkov, A Review of Sustainable Materials for Acoustic Applications, Building Acoustics · Volume 19 · Number 4 · (2012) Pages 283–312, doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107115
3. Yifeng Fu , Imrana I. Kabir , Guan Heng Yeoh and Zhongxiao Peng, A review on polymer-based materials for underwater sound absorption, Polymer Testing 96 (2021) 107115, doi: 10.1260/1351-010X.19.4.283
4. Longfei Chang, Ajuan Jiang, Manting Rao, Fuyin Ma, Haibo Huang, Zicai Zhu, Yu Zhang,c Yucheng Wu, Bo Li and Ying Hu, Progress of low-frequency sound absorption research utilizing intelligent materials and acoustic metamaterials, RSC Adv., (2021), 11, 37784–37800.
5. R Dunne, D Desai and R Sadiku, A Review of the Factors that Influence Sound Absorption and the Available Empirical Models for Fibrous Materials, Acoust Aust (2017) 45:453–469, doi 10.1007/s40857-017-0097-4
6. Lawrence E. Kinsler, Austin R. Frey and G. S. Bennett, Fundamentals of Acoustics, American Journal of Physics 19 (1951), 254, doi: 10.1119/1.1932798
7. Niloofar Rastegar, Amir Ershad‑Langroudi, Hamidreza Parsimehr and Gholamreza Moradi, Sound‑absorbing porous materials: a review on polyurethane‑based foams, Iranian Polymer Journal (2022) 31:83–105, doi.org/10.1007/s13726-021-01006-8
8. Camille Perrot, F. Chevillotte, L. Jaouen and M. T. Hoang, Acoustics properties and applications, in Metallic Foams: Fundamentals and Applications. Nihad Dukhan, Ph.D., University of Detroit Mercy. Metallic Foams: Fundamentals and Applications, DesTech Publications, pp.285-316, (2013) 978-1- 60595-014-3,
9. Francisco García-Moreno, Commercial Applications of Metal Foams: Their Properties and Production, Materials, (2016) 9, 85, doi:10.3390/ma9020085
10. Junjie Zhang, Bo Liu and Shengen Zhang, A review of glass ceramic foams prepared from solid wastes: Processing, heavy-metal solidification and volatilization, applications, Science of the Total Environment 781, (2021) 146727, doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146727
11. S Amares, E Sujatmika, T W Hong, R Durairaj and H S H B Hamid, A Review: Characteristics of Noise Absorption Material, IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 908, (2017) 012005, doi :10.1088/1742-6596/908/1/012005
12. T. J. Lu, Audrey Hess, and M. F. Ashby, Sound absorption in metallic foams, J. Appl. Phys. 85, (1999), 7528, doi: 10.1063/1.370550
13. Yunjie Li, Xinfu Wang, Xingfu Wang, Yuelu Ren, Fusheng Han, and Cuie Wen, Sound absorption characteristics of aluminum foam with spherical cells, Journal of Applied Physics 110, (2011) 113525, doi: 10.1063/1.3665216
14. Guang-Chun YAO, Hong-Jie LUO, Zhuo-Kun CAO, The Manufacturing Technology of Aluminum Foam Material and Some Special Equipments , International Conference on Material Science and Application (ICMSA 2015) , (2015) pp.869-874, doi: 10.2991/icmsa-15.2015.16
15. Martin nosko, František simančík, Roman florek, Peter tobolka, Jaroslav jerz, Natália mináriková and Jaroslav kováčik, Sound absorption ability of aluminium foams, Metallic foams (2017) vol. 1, no. 1, 15-41, doi: 10.23977/metf.2017.11002
16. Tan Wan, Yuan Liu, Canxu Zhou, Xiang Chen and Yanxiang Li, Fabrication, properties, and applications of open-cell aluminum foams: A review, Journal of Materials Science & Technology 62 (2021) 11–24, doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.05.039
17. Mohd Arifhakim Azizan, Muhammad Hussain Ismail , Noor Azlina Mohd Salleh and David Valliyappan Natarajan, Sound Absorption Properties at High Sound Frequency of Open Cell Aluminium Foam, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol SI 2 (1), (2017) 161-173.,
18. Joyjeet Ghose, Vinay Sharma and Surender Kumar, Acoustic Absorption Characteristics of Closed Cell Aluminium Foam, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 110-116 (2012) pp 1145-1149, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.110-116.1145
19. Xingchuan Xia, Zan Zhang, Weimin Zhao, Chong Li, Jian Ding, Chenxi Liu and Yongchang Liu, Acoustic properties of closed-cell aluminum foams with different macrostructures, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, Volume 33, Issue 11, (2017) Pages 1227-1234, doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2017.07.012
20. Kamil C. Opiel.A, Tomasz G. Zielinski, Tomas Dvorak and Stanislav Kudela JR, Perforated closed-cell aluminium foam for acoustic absorption, Appl. Acoust. 174 (2021) 107706, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107706
21. Panfeng Bai, Xiaocui Yang, Xinmin Shen, Xiaonan Zhang, Zhizhong Li, Qin Yin, Guoliang Jiang and Fei Yang, Sound absorption performance of the acoustic absorber fabricated by compression and microperforation of the porous metal, Materials and Design 167 (2019) 107637, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107637
22. Alexandra Byakova, Yuri Bezim’yanny, Svyatoslav Gnyloskurenko and Takashi Nakamurac, Fabrication method for closed-cell aluminium foam with improved sound absorption ability, Procedia Materials Science 4 (2014) 9 – 14, doi: 10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.573
23. John Banhart, Manufacture, characterisation and application of cellular metals and metal foams, Progress in Materials Science 46 (2001) 559–632, doi: 10.1016/S0079-6425(00)00002-5
24. Bisma Parveez, Nur Ayuni Jamal, Abdul Maleque, Farazila Yusof, Nashrah Hani Jamadon, and Sharifah Adzila, Review on advances in porous Al composites and the possible way forward, Journal of material research and technology (2021); 14 : 2017-2038, doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.055
25. D. Bhosale, A. Devikar, S. Sasikumar, and G. S. Vinod Kumar, Foaming Mg Alloy and Composite Using MgCO3 Blowing Agent, Metall. Mater. Trans. B Process Metall. Mater. Process. Sci. 52, (2021) 931, doi: 10.1007/s11663-021-02066-0
26. Dipen Kumar Rajak, Nikhil N. Mahajan and S. Das Fabrication and investigation of influence of CaCO3 as foaming agent on Al-SiCp foam, Materials and Manufacturing Processes (2018), doi: 10.1080/10426914.2018.1532093
27. N. Mahmutyazicioglu, Onder Albayrak, Mehmet Ipekoglu and Sabri Altintas, Effects of alumina (Al2O3) addition on the cell structure and mechanical properties of 6061 foams, J. Mater. Res., (2013) doi: 10.1557/jmr.2013.187
28. Zohair Sarajan , Mehrdad Soltani & Jalal Kahani Khabushan Foaming of Al-Si by TiH2 , Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 26:10, (2011) 1293-1298, doi: 10.1080/10426914.2011.551964
29. Yang Yu, Zhuokun Cao , Jiaqi Wang, Ganfeng Tu and Yongliang Mu, Compressive Behavior of Al-TiB2 Composite Foams Fabricated under Increased Pressure, Materials (2021) 14, 5112, doi.org/10.3390/ma14175112
30. S. Bhogi and M. Mukherjee, Foam stabilization by magnesium, Materials Letters 200 (2017) 118–120, doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2017.04.100
31. D.P. Mondal, M.D. Goel and S. Das, Compressive deformation and energy absorption characteristics of closed cell aluminum-fly ash particle composite foam, Materials Science and Engineering A 507 (2009) 102–109, doi:10.1016/j.msea.2009.01.019
32. D.P. Mondal , M.D. Goel and S. Das, Effect of strain rate and relative density on compressive deformation behavior of closed cell aluminum–fly ash composite foam, Materials and Design 30 (2009) 1268–1274, doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2008.06.059
33. Thulasikanth Vaddi, and R. Padmanabhan, Processing of aluminium/fly ash composite foams for sustainable green products, Journal of Porous Materials (2022): 1-11, doi: 10.1007/s10934-022-01360-9
34. V. Gergely, D.C. Curran and T.W. Clyne, The FOAMCARP process: foaming of aluminium MMCs by the chalk-aluminium reaction in precursors, Composites Science and Technology 63 (2003) 2301–2310, doi:10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00263-X
35. V. Thulasikanth and R. Padmanabhan, Processing and testing of closed cell aluminium hybrid composite foams, Materials Today: Proceedings. (2021) 46, 1437-1440, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.017
36. Sharaf U Nisa, Sunil Pandey and PM Pandey, A review of the compressive properties
of closed-cell aluminum metal foams, Proc IMechE Part E: J Process Mechanical Engineering, (2022) 1–15, doi: 10.1177/09544089221112291
37. Nallely Montserrat Trejo Rivera , Jesús Torres Torres and Alfredo Flores Valdés, A-242 Aluminium Alloy Foams Manufacture from the Recycling of Beverage Cans, Metals (2019) 9, 92, doi: 10.3390/met9010092
38. R.Q. Guo and P.K Rohatgi, Chemical Reactions between Aluminum and Fly Ash during Synthesis and Reheating of Al–Fly Ash Composite, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B Volume 29B, (1998) 519, doi: 10.1007/s11663-998-0086-y
39. E. Gikunoo, O. Omotoso and I.N.A. Oguocha, Effect of fly ash addition on the magnesium content of casting aluminum alloy A535, Journal Of Materials Science 40 (2005) 487– 490, doi: 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000044906.60260.19
40. Alice Elizabeth González, How Do Acoustic Materials Work? Book chapter, IntechOpen 1-17, (2019) doi: 10.5772/intechopen.82380
41. Fan Xueliu, A, Chen Xiang and B, Li Yanxiang, The structure and Acoustic Properties of Aluminum Foams by Gas Injection Method, Advanced Materials Research Vols 146-147 (2011) pp 1049-1055, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.146-147.1049
Published
2023-10-03
How to Cite
1.
Thulasikanth V, Raghupathy P. A STUDY ON SOUND-ABSORPTION ABILITY OF CLOSED-CELL ALUMINIUM FOAMS. MatTech [Internet]. 2023Oct.3 [cited 2026Aug.14];57(5):423–431. Available from: https://www.mater-tehnol.si/index.php/MatTech/article/view/741
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